"A cikin kwata na farko, a yayin da ake fuskantar yanayi mai tsanani da sarkakiya na duniya da kuma ayyukan gyara cikin gida, ci gaba da daidaita tattalin arziki, dukkan yankuna da sassan sun aiwatar da shawarwari da tsare-tsaren da Kwamitin Tsakiya na CPC da Majalisar Jiha suka yi da gaske, sun bi ka'idar "tsayawa a matsayin matakin farko" da "neman ci gaba a tsakanin kwanciyar hankali", sun aiwatar da sabon ra'ayin ci gaba cikin cikakken tsari, daidai kuma cikakke, sun hanzarta gina sabon tsarin ci gaba, sun yi kokarin inganta ci gaba mai inganci, sun daidaita yanayi biyu na cikin gida da na waje, sun hada kariya da shawo kan annoba da ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa, sun hada ci gaba da tsaro, sannan sun nuna muhimmancin daidaita tattalin arziki da daidaita tattalin arziki. Sun hada kariya da shawo kan annoba da kuma inganta ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa, sun hada ci gaba da tsaro, da kuma nuna aikin daidaita ci gaba, aikin yi da farashi; rigakafin annoba da shawo kan annoba sun yi sauyi cikin sauri da santsi, samarwa da bukata sun daidaita kuma sun farfado, aikin yi da farashi sun kasance daidai, kudaden shiga na mutane sun ci gaba da karuwa, tsammanin kasuwa sun inganta sosai, kuma tattalin arziki ya fara aiki da kyau." Fu Linghui, kakakin hukumar kididdiga ta kasa (NBS) kuma darektan sashen kididdiga mai cikakken bayani kan tattalin arzikin kasa, ya bayyana hakan a wani taron manema labarai kan yadda tattalin arzikin kasa ke gudana a kwata na farko da ofishin yada labarai na majalisar jiha ya gudanar a ranar 18 ga Afrilu.
A ranar 18 ga Afrilu, Ofishin Yaɗa Labarai na Majalisar Jiha ya yi wani taron manema labarai a Beijing, inda Fu Linghui, kakakin Ofishin Kididdiga na Ƙasa kuma darektan Sashen Kididdigar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasa Mai Cikakken Bayani, ya gabatar da ayyukan tattalin arzikin ƙasa a kwata na farko na 2023 tare da amsa tambayoyi daga manema labarai.
Kiyasin farko ya nuna cewa GDP na kwata na farko ya kai Yuan 284,997,000,000, wanda ya karu da kashi 4.5% a farashin da ake ci gaba da samu, da kuma karuwar kashi 2.2% na ringgit a kwata na hudu na shekarar da ta gabata. Dangane da masana'antu, darajar da aka kara wa masana'antar farko ta kai Yuan biliyan 11575, wanda ya karu da kashi 3.7% a shekara; darajar da aka kara wa masana'antar sakandare ta kai Yuan biliyan 10794.7, wanda ya karu da kashi 3.3%; kuma darajar da aka kara wa masana'antar sakandare ta kai Yuan biliyan 165475, wanda ya karu da kashi 5.4%.
Kwata na farko na masana'antu yana samun ci gaba mai ɗorewa
"Kwatan farko na masana'antu ya samu ci gaba mai dorewa. Tun daga farkon wannan shekarar, tare da rigakafin annoba da kuma sarrafa sauyi cikin sauri da kwanciyar hankali, manufofin ci gaba masu dorewa suna ci gaba da nuna sakamako, bukatar kasuwa tana kara dumamawa, sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta masana'antu don hanzarta farfado da samar da kayayyaki ta ga sauye-sauye masu kyau da dama." Fu Linghui ya ce a cikin kwata na farko, darajar masana'antu ta kasa da aka kara a sama da girman da aka kayyade ta karu da kashi 3.0% a kowace shekara, wanda ya karu da kashi 0.3% idan aka kwatanta da kwata na hudu na shekarar da ta gabata. A manyan rukunoni uku, darajar da aka kara wa masana'antar haƙar ma'adinai ta karu da kashi 3.2%, masana'antar masana'antu ta karu da kashi 2.9%, kuma samar da wutar lantarki, zafi, iskar gas da ruwa da masana'antar samar da kayayyaki ta karu da kashi 3.3%. Darajar da masana'antar kera kayan aiki ta karu da kashi 4.3%, wanda ya karu da kashi 2.5% daga Janairu zuwa Fabrairu. Akwai manyan halaye kamar haka:
Da farko, yawancin masana'antu sun ci gaba da samun ci gaba. A cikin kwata na farko, daga cikin manyan sassan masana'antu 41, sassa 23 sun ci gaba da samun ci gaba duk shekara, tare da karuwar da ta wuce kashi 50%. Idan aka kwatanta da kwata na huɗu na shekarar da ta gabata, karuwar karuwar darajar masana'antu 20 ta sake farfadowa.
Na biyu, masana'antar kera kayan aiki tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tallafawa masana'antu. Yayin da yanayin haɓaka masana'antu na China ke ƙaruwa, ana haɓaka ƙarfin aiki da matakin kera kayan aiki, kuma samarwa yana ci gaba da samun ci gaba cikin sauri. A cikin kwata na farko, ƙimar da masana'antar kera kayan aiki ta ƙara da kashi 4.3% a shekara, maki 1.3% ya fi na masana'antar da aka tsara, kuma gudummawar da ta bayar ga ci gaban masana'antu sama da girman da aka ƙayyade ya kai kashi 42.5%. Daga cikinsu, injunan lantarki, layin dogo da jiragen ruwa da sauran masana'antu sun ƙara ƙima da kashi 15.1%, kashi 9.3%.
Abu na uku, fannin samar da kayan masarufi ya bunƙasa da sauri. Tare da farfadowar tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa, ci gaban saka hannun jari mai ɗorewa ya ƙarfafa ci gaban masana'antar kayan masarufi, kuma samar da kayayyaki masu alaƙa ya ci gaba da bunƙasa cikin sauri. A cikin kwata na farko, ƙimar da aka ƙara wa masana'antar kayan masarufi ta karu da kashi 4.7% a shekara, maki 1.7% sama da na masana'antar yau da kullun. Daga cikinsu, masana'antar tace ƙarfe da birgima da masana'antar tace ƙarfe mara ƙarfe sun bunƙasa da kashi 5.9% da 6.9% bi da bi. Daga mahangar samfura, a kwata na farko, ƙarfe, samar da ƙarfe mara ƙarfe goma ya ƙaru da kashi 5.8%, 9%.
Na huɗu, samar da ƙananan da ƙananan kamfanoni ya inganta. A cikin kwata na farko, ƙimar da ƙananan da ƙananan kamfanoni suka ƙara a sama da girman da aka ƙayyade ya karu da kashi 3.1% a shekara, da sauri fiye da ƙimar ci gaban dukkan masana'antun masana'antu sama da girman da aka ƙayyade. Binciken tambayoyin ya nuna cewa ƙananan da ƙananan masana'antu a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idar Ma'aunin Wadata fiye da na kwata na huɗu na bara, ƙaruwar maki 1.7, samarwa da yanayin kasuwanci na kyawawan kamfanoni sun kai maki 1.2%.
"Bugu da ƙari, tsammanin kasuwanci gabaɗaya yana da kyau, PMI na masana'antar kera kayayyaki ya kasance a cikin yanayin hasashen tsawon watanni uku a jere, samfuran kore kamar sabbin motocin makamashi da ƙwayoyin hasken rana sun ci gaba da haɓaka lambobi biyu, kuma canjin korewar masana'antu ya ci gaba. Duk da haka, ya kamata mu kuma ga cewa yanayin duniya ya kasance mai rikitarwa da tsanani, akwai rashin tabbas a cikin haɓakar buƙatar waje, har yanzu akwai ƙuntatawa na buƙatun kasuwar cikin gida, farashin kayayyakin masana'antu har yanzu yana raguwa, kuma ingancin kamfanoni yana fuskantar matsaloli da yawa." Fu Linghui ya ce a mataki na gaba, ya kamata mu aiwatar da manufofi da shirye-shirye daban-daban don daidaita ci gaba, mai da hankali kan faɗaɗa buƙatun cikin gida, zurfafa gyare-gyaren tsarin samar da kayayyaki, yin gyare-gyare da haɓaka masana'antu na gargajiya sosai, haɓaka da haɓaka sabbin masana'antu, haɓaka matakin daidaito mai ƙarfi tsakanin wadata da buƙata, da kuma haɓaka ci gaban masana'antu mai kyau.
Cinikin waje na kasar Sin yana da juriya da kuma kuzari
A cewar bayanan da Babban Hukumar Kwastam ta fitar kwanan nan, dangane da dalar Amurka, darajar fitar da kaya a watan Maris ta karu da kashi 14.8% a kowace shekara, inda karuwar ta karu da kashi 21.6% idan aka kwatanta da na Janairu-Fabrairu, wanda ya zama abin koyi a karon farko tun daga watan Oktoban bara; shigo da kaya ya ragu da kashi 1.4% a kowace shekara, inda raguwar darajar ta ragu da kashi 8.8% idan aka kwatanta da na Janairu-Fabrairu, kuma rarar cinikin da aka samu a watan Maris ta kai dala biliyan 88.19. Ayyukan fitar da kaya a watan Maris sun fi kyau fiye da yadda ake tsammani, yayin da shigo da kaya ya dan yi rauni fiye da yadda ake tsammani. Shin wannan karfin tattalin arziki mai karfi zai dore?
"Tun daga farkon wannan shekarar, shigo da kaya da fitar da kaya daga kasar Sin ya ci gaba da karuwa bisa ga babban tushen da ya samu a bara, wanda ba abu ne mai sauki ba. A cikin kwata na farko, jimillar darajar shigo da kaya da fitar da kayayyaki ta karu da kashi 4.8% a kowace shekara, wanda daga ciki fitarwa ya karu da kashi 8.4%, wanda hakan ke ci gaba da bunkasa cikin sauri. Ba abu ne mai sauki ba a cimma irin wannan ci gaba yayin da tattalin arzikin duniya ke raguwa kuma rashin tabbas na waje ya yi yawa." in ji Fu Linghui.
Fu Linghui ya ce a mataki na gaba, ci gaban shigo da kaya da fitar da kaya daga kasar Sin yana fuskantar wani matsin lamba, wanda galibi yake bayyana a cikin wadannan: Na farko, ci gaban tattalin arzikin duniya yana da rauni. A cewar hasashen Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya, ana sa ran tattalin arzikin duniya zai karu da kashi 2.8% a shekarar 2023, wanda ya yi kasa da na shekarar da ta gabata. A cewar hasashen da aka yi kwanan nan na WTO, yawan cinikin kayayyaki na duniya zai karu da kashi 1.7% a shekarar 2023, wanda ya yi kasa sosai da na bara. Na biyu, akwai rashin tabbas na waje mafi girma. Tun daga farkon wannan shekarar, matakan hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a Amurka da Turai sun yi yawa, manufofin kudi sun ci gaba da kara tsauri, kuma barkewar rikicin kudi a wasu bankuna a Amurka da Turai kwanan nan ya kara ta'azzara rashin kwanciyar hankali na ayyukan tattalin arziki. A lokaci guda, akwai barazanar siyasa a fannin siyasa, kuma karuwar rashin hadin kai da kariyar kai ya kara ta'azzara rashin kwanciyar hankali da rashin tabbas a harkokin kasuwanci da tattalin arziki na duniya.
"Duk da matsin lamba da ƙalubale, cinikin ƙasashen waje na China yana da ƙarfin juriya da kuzari, kuma tare da ayyukan manufofi daban-daban don daidaita cinikayyar ƙasashen waje, ana sa ran ƙasar za ta cimma burin inganta kwanciyar hankali da inganta inganci a duk shekara." A cewar Fu Linghui, da farko dai, tsarin masana'antu na China ya cika kuma ƙarfin samar da kayayyaki a kasuwa yana da ƙarfi, don haka tana iya daidaitawa da canje-canje a kasuwar buƙatun ƙasashen waje. Na biyu, China ta dage kan faɗaɗa cinikin ƙasashen waje da buɗewa ga ƙasashen waje, tana ci gaba da faɗaɗa sararin cinikin ƙasashen waje. A cikin kwata na farko, shigo da kaya da fitarwa na China zuwa ƙasashen da ke kan hanyar "Belt and Road" ya ƙaru da kashi 16.8%, yayin da sauran ƙasashen membobin RCEP suka ƙaru da kashi 7.3%, wanda fitarwa ta karu da kashi 20.2%.
Abu na uku, ci gaban sabbin makamashi masu ƙarfi a kasuwancin ƙasashen waje na China ya nuna rawar da yake takawa a fannin tallafawa ci gaban cinikayyar ƙasashen waje. Kwanan nan, Babban Hukumar Kwastam ta kuma ambaci a cikin sanarwar cewa a cikin kwata na farko, fitar da motocin fasinja masu amfani da wutar lantarki, batirin lithium da batirin hasken rana ya karu da kashi 66.9%, kuma ci gaban kasuwancin e-commerce na ƙetare iyaka da sauran sabbin nau'ikan kasuwancin ƙasashen waje shi ma ya yi sauri.
"Daga mahangar gabaɗaya, mataki na gaba na daidaita manufofin cinikayyar ƙasashen waje zai ci gaba da nuna sakamako, wanda ke da amfani ga cimma nasarar cinikayyar ƙasashen waje a duk tsawon shekara don haɓaka kwanciyar hankali da inganta ingancin burin." in ji Fu Linghui.
Ana sa ran ci gaban tattalin arziki na shekara-shekara zai karu a hankali
"Tun daga farkon wannan shekarar, tattalin arzikin kasar Sin gaba daya yana murmurewa, inda manyan alamu suka daidaita da kuma farfado da tattalin arziki, kuzarin masu kasuwanci yana karuwa, kuma tsammanin kasuwa yana inganta sosai, wanda hakan ya sanya harsashi mai kyau don cimma burin ci gaba da ake sa ran cimmawa a duk shekara." in ji Fu Linghui. Fu Linghui ya ce.
A cewar Fu Linghui, daga mataki na gaba, karfin ci gaban tattalin arzikin kasar Sin yana karuwa a hankali, kuma manufofin manyan kasashe suna aiki yadda ya kamata, don haka ana sa ran ayyukan tattalin arziki za su inganta gaba daya. Idan aka yi la'akari da cewa adadin da aka samu a kwata na biyu na shekarar da ta gabata ya yi kasa sosai saboda tasirin annobar, yawan ci gaban tattalin arziki a kwata na biyu na wannan shekarar na iya zama mafi sauri fiye da na kwata na farko. A kwata na uku da na hudu, yayin da adadin da aka samu ya karu, adadin ci gaban zai ragu daga na kwata na biyu. Idan ba a yi la'akari da adadin da aka samu ba, ana sa ran ci gaban tattalin arziki na shekarar gaba daya zai nuna koma baya a hankali. Manyan abubuwan da ke taimakawa su ne kamar haka:
Da farko, tasirin amfani da makamashi yana ƙaruwa a hankali. Tun daga farkon wannan shekarar, amfani da makamashi ya kasance a bayyane, kuma ƙarfinsa ga ci gaban tattalin arziki yana ƙaruwa. Adadin gudummawar da ake bayarwa ga ci gaban tattalin arziki ya fi na bara; tare da inganta yanayin aiki, haɓaka manufofin amfani, da kuma ƙaruwar yanayin amfani, ana sa ran ƙarfin amfani da makamashin mazauna da kuma son amfani da makamashin zai ƙaru. A lokaci guda, muna ƙara faɗaɗa yawan amfani da sabbin motocin makamashi da kayan gida masu wayo, muna haɓaka haɗakar amfani da makamashin kan layi da na waje, muna haɓaka sabbin siffofi da hanyoyin amfani, da kuma hanzarta haɓaka inganci da faɗaɗa kasuwar karkara, waɗanda duk suna taimakawa ci gaba da haɓaka amfani da makamashi da kuma haɓaka ci gaban tattalin arziki.
Na biyu, ana sa ran ci gaban zuba jari mai dorewa zai ci gaba. Tun daga farkon wannan shekarar, yankuna daban-daban sun himmatu wajen fara gina manyan ayyuka, kuma jarin ya ci gaba da samun ci gaba mai dorewa gaba daya. A cikin kwata na farko, jarin kadarorin da aka saka a cikin kadara ya karu da kashi 5.1%. A mataki na gaba, tare da sauye-sauye da haɓaka masana'antu na gargajiya, ci gaban sabbin masana'antu zai ci gaba, kuma tallafin tattalin arziki na gaske zai karu, wanda zai taimaka wa ci gaban zuba jari. A cikin kwata na farko, jarin da aka saka a fannin masana'antu ya karu da kashi 7%, cikin sauri fiye da ci gaban zuba jari gaba daya. Daga cikinsu, jarin da aka saka a fannin masana'antu na zamani ya karu da kashi 15.2%. Zuba jarin kayayyakin more rayuwa ya karu da sauri. Tun daga farkon wannan shekarar, yankuna daban-daban suna ci gaba da inganta gine-ginen ababen more rayuwa, kuma ana ganin tasirin a hankali. A cikin kwata na farko, jarin kayayyakin more rayuwa ya karu da kashi 8.8% a shekara-shekara, wanda hakan ya kara karfin ci gaba mai dorewa.
Na uku, sauyin masana'antu da haɓakawa sun ƙara ƙarfafa gwiwa. China ta aiwatar da dabarun ci gaba da kirkire-kirkire, ta ƙarfafa ƙarfin kimiyya da fasaha na dabarunta, ta kuma haɓaka haɓakawa da haɓaka masana'antu, tare da haɓaka hanyoyin sadarwa na 5G, bayanai, fasahar wucin gadi da sauran fasahohi cikin sauri, da kuma fitowar sabbin masana'antu; ƙimar masana'antar kera kayan aiki ta karu da kashi 4.3% a kwata na farko, kuma ƙarfin fasaha na masana'antar yana ƙaruwa akai-akai. A lokaci guda, saurin canjin makamashi mai kore da ƙarancin carbon ya karu, buƙatar sabbin kayayyaki ya faɗaɗa, kuma masana'antun gargajiya sun ƙaru a fannin kiyaye makamashi, rage amfani da kayayyaki da gyare-gyare, kuma tasirin abin da ke haifar da hakan ya ƙara ƙaruwa. A kwata na farko, fitar da sabbin motoci masu amfani da makamashi da ƙwayoyin hasken rana ya ci gaba da samun ci gaba cikin sauri. Ci gaban masana'antu masu hazaka, masu wayewa da kore zai ƙara sabon kuzari ga ci gaban tattalin arzikin China.
Na huɗu, manufofin tattalin arziki na ƙasa da ƙasa sun ci gaba da nuna sakamako. Tun daga farkon wannan shekarar, dukkan yankuna da sassan sun bi sahun taron ayyukan tattalin arziki na tsakiya da kuma rahoton aikin gwamnati don aiwatar da shirin, kuma an ƙarfafa manufofin kuɗi masu kyau don haɓaka ingancin manufofin kuɗi masu kyau waɗanda suka dace kuma masu ƙarfi, suna nuna aikin ci gaba mai ɗorewa, aiki mai ɗorewa da farashi mai ɗorewa, kuma tasirin manufar yana bayyana koyaushe, kuma ayyukan tattalin arziki a kwata na farko sun daidaita kuma sun sake farfaɗowa.
"A mataki na gaba, tare da shawarar Kwamitin Tsakiya na Jam'iyyar da Majalisar Jiha da kuma shirye-shiryensu na ƙara aiwatar da cikakkun bayanai, tasirin manufofi zai bayyana, ƙarfin ci gaban tattalin arzikin China zai ci gaba da ƙaruwa, da kuma haɓaka aikin tattalin arziki na dawo da alheri," in ji Fu Linghui.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-23-2023
